Quick Summary

Do you have a food allergy? Here’s how to tell! Learn to spot the signs and what steps to take to keep yourself safe. Food allergy can be caused from a wide range of items, from nuts to seafood, grains, and even gluten. However, be it sneezing, stomach discomfort, or something else altogether, recognising food allergy symptoms early can make all the difference. 

Deep Dive

They maybe used as a dramatic plot point in movies across the globe, but food allergies are more than just a cinematic tool. Food allergies are a growing concern, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. While nut-based allergy is still the most commonly known food allergy, items like gluten, milk, and seafood can also trigger adverse reactions. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and types of food allergies is crucial for early detection and management. This article will delve into how to recognise a food allergy, including common symptoms and foods that frequently trigger allergic reactions.

Food Allergy Symptoms

Food allergy symptoms can vary significantly from person to person and may manifest shortly after consuming the allergenic food. Symptoms typically fall into two categories: mild and severe.

Mild Symptoms

• Skin Reactions: Hives, redness, or swelling can occur on the skin

• Digestive Issues: Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhoea may arise

• Respiratory Symptoms: Sneezing, nasal congestion, or an itchy throat can be indicative of an allergic reaction

• Oral Reactions: Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat is common in food allergies.

Severe Symptoms

• Anaphylaxis: This life-threatening reaction can occur rapidly and includes symptoms such as:

  • Swelling of the face, lips, or throat

  • Difficulty breathing or swallowing

  • Rapid heartbeat

  • Dizziness or fainting

  • A sense of impending doom

Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention. If you suspect someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, call emergency services right away.

Food Allergy Causes

Food allergy causes occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies specific proteins in food as harmful substances. This immune response leads to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Upon subsequent exposure to the allergen, these antibodies trigger the release of chemicals like histamine, resulting in allergic symptoms.

The exact cause of why some individuals develop food allergies while others do not is not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to this condition:

• Genetics: Family history plays a significant role; individuals with a family history of allergies are more likely to develop food allergies.

• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors during infancy may influence the development of allergies.

• Gut Health: An imbalance in gut bacteria may affect immune responses and contribute to allergy development.

Types of Food Allergies

Food allergies can be categorised into different types based on their underlying mechanisms:

• IgE-mediated Food Allergies: This is the most common type and involves an immediate immune response after consuming the allergenic food. Symptoms typically appear within minutes to a few hours.

• Non-IgE-mediated Food Allergies: These reactions may take longer to develop—sometimes days—and often involve symptoms like gastrointestinal distress without the typical IgE response.

• Mixed Reactions: Some individuals may experience both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated symptoms simultaneously.

• Exercise-induced Food Allergy: In rare cases, physical activity following the consumption of certain foods can trigger allergic reactions.

Most Common Examples of Food Allergies